MANIPULATION LANGUAGES

### Definitions:

**A. Data Definition Language (DDL)**

- **Definition**: Data Definition Language (DDL) is a subset of SQL used to define, modify, and manage database schema objects, such as tables, indexes, and constraints.

- **Examples of DDL Commands**:

  - `CREATE`: Used to create database objects like tables, views, and indexes.

  - `ALTER`: Used to modify existing database objects.

  - `DROP`: Used to delete database objects.

  - `TRUNCATE`: Used to remove all records from a table, while keeping the table structure.

**B. Interactive Data Manipulation Language (IDML)**

- **Definition**: Interactive Data Manipulation Language (IDML) refers to SQL commands used interactively to query and modify data in a database. These commands are typically executed in a database management system (DBMS) interface or through SQL clients.

- **Examples of IDML Commands**:

  - `SELECT`: Used to retrieve data from one or more tables.

  - `INSERT`: Used to add new records to a table.

  - `UPDATE`: Used to modify existing records in a table.

  - `DELETE`: Used to remove records from a table.

**C. Embedded Data Manipulation Language (EDML)**

- **Definition**: Embedded Data Manipulation Language (EDML) involves embedding SQL commands within a host programming language (such as C, Java, or Python) to interact with a database. It allows for SQL operations to be integrated with the logic of a host program.

- **Examples of EDML Usage**:

  - Using SQL commands within a Java program to interact with a database through JDBC (Java Database Connectivity).

  - Embedding SQL in a C program using an embedded SQL preprocessor, such as SQL/CLI (Call-Level Interface).

  - Executing SQL queries in a Python script using database connectivity libraries like `sqlite3` or `SQLAlchemy`.